JavaScript

The JavaScript Math object lets you perform mathematical operations. It provides a collection of properties and methods that can be used to work with numbers, perform calculations, and get useful mathematical values.

The Math object is not a constructor, so you don’t need to create it. Just use it directly like: Math.method() or Math.property.

---

✅ Common Math Methods

Method	Description
Math.round(x)	Rounds x to the nearest integer
Math.ceil(x)	Rounds x up to the next integer
Math.floor(x)	Rounds x down to the previous int
Math.trunc(x)	Removes the decimal part (ES6)
Math.sign(x)	Returns -1, 0, or 1 based on sign
Math.abs(x)	Absolute value (removes negative sign)
Math.pow(x, y)	x raised to the power of y
Math.sqrt(x)	Square root of x
Math.min(...nums)	Lowest value from a list of numbers
Math.max(...nums)	Highest value from a list of numbers
Math.random()	Returns a random number (0 to <1)

---

🔍 Examples

console.log(Math.round(4.6));    // 5
console.log(Math.ceil(4.1));     // 5
console.log(Math.floor(4.9));    // 4
console.log(Math.trunc(4.9));    // 4
console.log(Math.sign(-50));     // -1
console.log(Math.abs(-10));      // 10
console.log(Math.pow(2, 3));     // 8
console.log(Math.sqrt(16));      // 4
console.log(Math.min(10, 5, 30)); // 5
console.log(Math.max(10, 5, 30)); // 30
console.log(Math.random());      // 0.0 - 0.999...

---

🎲 Generating Random Numbers

Random number between 0 and 10:

const num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 11);
console.log(num); // 0 to 10

Random number between 1 and 100:

const num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1;
console.log(num); // 1 to 100

---

🔢 Math Constants

Property	Description
Math.PI	3.141592653…
Math.E	Euler’s number (≈2.718)
Math.LN2	Natural log of 2
Math.LN10	Natural log of 10
Math.LOG2E	Log base 2 of E
Math.LOG10E	Log base 10 of E
Math.SQRT2	Square root of 2
Math.SQRT1_2	Square root of 1/2

Example:

console.log(Math.PI); // 3.141592653589793

---

📌 Summary

• Math is a static object, used without creating an instance.
• It provides methods for rounding, power, square root, etc.
• Useful for game development, calculations, animations, and more.

---